RISK FACTOR FOR RENAL DISEASE

Risk factor for renal disease can be divided into:

1.      Acute renal disease
2.      Chronic renal disease
3.      End stage renal disease

Risk factor of acute kidney failure includes:

• Being hospitalized, especially for a serious condition that requires intensive care.
• Advanced age
• Blockages in the blood vessels in arms or legs (peripheral artery disease)
• Diabetes
•  Liver diseases

Conditions and agents may damage the kidneys and lead to acute kidney failure:

• Blood clots in the veins and arteries in and around the kidneys.
• Cholesterol deposits that block blood flow in the kidneys
• Glomerulonephritis
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome, a condition that results from premature destruction of red blood cell.
•  Medications, such as certain chemotherapy drugs, antibiotics, dyes used during imaging tests and zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa), used to treat osteoporosis and high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia)

• Multiple myeloma

•  Scleroderma  (hardening and tightening of skin and tissue)

Figure: Scleroderma

•  Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a rare blood disorder

Figure : Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

• Toxins, such as alcohol, heavy metals and cocaine
•  Vasculitis, an inflammation of blood vessels
• Urine blockage in the kidneys

Factors that may increase risk of chronic kidney failure include:

• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Smoking
• Obesity
• High cholesterol
• Family history of kidney disease
• Age 65 or older
• Chronic kidney failure occurs when a disease or condition impairs kidney function, causing kidney damage to worsen over several months or years.

Conditions that commonly cause chronic kidney failure include:

• Glomerulonephritis
•  Polycystic kidney disease
• Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, from conditions such as enlarged prostate, kidney stones and some cancers
•  Recurrent kidney infection, also called pyelonephritis
• Use of recreational drugs can harm the kidneys and may lead to kidney failure and the need for dialysis. These drugs include:

§  Aerosols

§  Cocaine and crack cocaine

§  Heroin

§  Ketamine

§  LSD

§  Methamphetamines

§  Oxycontin

§  PCP ("angel dust")

§  Poppers

Risk factor for end stage renal disease:

• Diabetes mellitus
• Obesity
• Hypertension                                                                       
• Analgesic nephropathy.
• Having chronic kidney disease.

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